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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or two hundred sixty five feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. In addition, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature called a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the maximum reach of a tower crane is seventy meters or 230 feet.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially because of their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure needs to be transported to the construction site by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the equipment part of the jib and the crane. These parts are then attached to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be a few of the other industrial equipment which is utilized to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or twenty feet. Next, the crane driver utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when securing or handling containers, environmental conditions like wind must be considered. The word loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. In order to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo needs to be distributed all over the container.
To be able to maintain safety, having an equally distributed load is helpful to avoid excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. An even load helps to prevent unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity differs, with the load distribution in the container. It is very important that the designers of containers and handling machinery take this into consideration during the engineering process. For instance, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
Make sure that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container, so as to make certain that the equipment used is perfect for the load. Particular attention needs to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like for example a bulk container, a tank container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, great care has to be taken when raising these.
